Dogs are red-green colour blind. They see a brighter and less detailed world when compared to humans. They do not have the same colour vision as humans, but they are able to tell yellow from blue.
Like a human with red-green colour blindness, they are unable to tell the difference between red and green. The reason for this limited range, in both the colour blind human and the dog, is that there are only two kinds of colour receptors in the retinas of their eyes. While most humans have three kinds of colour cells, with three different receptor molecules sensitive to blue, greenish-yellow, and red, dogs only have receptors for yellow and greenish-blue.
Before you start feeling sorry for your dog, keep in mind that although he may not have the colour range and visual focus that you depend on, his night vision is far superior. Thanks to a reflective structure behind their retina called the tapetum lucidum, dogs see objects in the dark as if lit by a light bulb.
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